Coal Consumption Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in China and Australia: Evidence From ARDL Model

Abstract

In this study, coal consumption (CS) for EKC is analyzed for two countries which are China and Australia by ARDL model (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model). China and Australia are among the countries which are heavily dependent on coal for energy demands. China is the current leader in the world for coal consumption. In this study, we aim to analyze the effect of economic growth on CS for China and Australia. The importance of the study is that it is the first study for time series studies in the literature of single country studies that analyze CS EKC. Analysis of CS EKC is important since the world is still heavily depended on coal for energy demands. CS EKC is verified for Australia between GDP (gross domestic product per capita), CS and square of GDP (GP) for the period between 1980 and 2016. CS EKC is verified for China between GDP, CS, GP and energy consumption (ENEC) for the period between 1980 and 2014.