Museum Governance: Lessons From the Past as a First Step Towards Innovation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33423/jlae.v21i2.7025Keywords:
leadership, accountability, ethics, Canadian museum governance, regulatory guidelines, best practices, adaptationAbstract
Over the past thirty years, private sector governance has seen significant development in regulatory guidelines, best practices, and adaptation to emerging challenges. In contrast, the history of Canadian museum governance is relatively new. Not-for-profit Canadian museums began to establish governance frameworks only recently with influential publications like the UNESCO Recommendation on Museums and Collections (2015) and the SMQ Guide (2014), along with the implementation of Bill 114 in 2016. Bill 114 introduced constraints and responsibilities akin to those in the private sector, shifting governance from a more informal approach to a structured system. Notable examples of pre-Bill 114 governance include Rolland Arpin's initiatives at the Museum of Civilization and guidelines by the Canadian Art Museum Directors Organization. This study aims to explore the lessons that museum governance can learn from private sector practices, comparing regulatory frameworks and drawing insights from corporate governance literature to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of not-for-profit museums and heritage preservation efforts.
References
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mum032
Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF). (2005). General Instruction 58-201: Corporate Governance Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.lautorite.qc.ca/en/general-public/publications/amf-publications/general-instruction-58-201/
Ayuso, S., Rodriguez, M.A., & Ricart, J.E. (2006). Using stakeholder dialogue as a source for new ideas: A dynamic capability underlying sustainable innovation. Corporate Governance, 6(4), 475–490.
Bergeron, L., & Côté, M. (2016). Diriger sans s’excuser. Montréal: Éditions du Musée de la Civilisation.
Bear, S., Rahman, N., & Post, C. (2010). The impact of board diversity and gender composition on corporate social responsibility and firm reputation. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(2), 207–221.
Burt, R.S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Harvard University Press.
Deutsch, Y. (2005). The impact of board composition on firms’ critical decisions: A meta- analytic review. Journal of Management, 31(3), 424–444.
Cameron, F., & Robinson, H. (2014). Digital knowledge strategies for museums: A comparative study. Museum Management and Curatorship, 29(2), 111–129.
Canadian Art Museum Directors Organization. (2004). Guidelines: Roles and Responsibilities of Museum Boards of Trustees.
Carter, D.A., D’Souza, F., Simkins, B.J., & Simpson, W.G. (2010). The gender and ethnic diversity of US boards and board committees and firm financial performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18(5), 396–414.
Chesbrough, H.W. (2003). Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press.
Cormier, D., & Magnan, M. (2017). Does a firm’s exposure to ethical failures matter to financial markets? A governance perspective. Journal of Management & Governance, 21(2), 267–289.
Francoeur, C. (2013). The role of social media in corporate governance. Journal of Corporate Governance, 13(5), 456–468.
Francoeur, C., & Garcia-Castro, R. (2014). When more is not better: Complementarities, costs and contingencies in stakeholder management. Strategic Management Journal, 35(12), 1803–1823.
Galia, F., & Zénou, E. (2016). The impact of gender and cultural diversity on innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management, 20(2), 1650003.
Goodstein, J., Gautam, K., & Boeker, W. (1994). The effects of board size and diversity on strategic change. Strategic Management Journal, 15(3), 241–250.
Hambrick, D.C., & Mason, P.A. (1984). Upper Echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193–206.
Héroux, S., & Fortin, A. (2016). The influence of corporate governance practices on financial performance: Evidence from Canadian firms. Management Decision, 54(8), 1963–1982.
Hillman, A.J., Cannella, A.A., & Paetzold, R.L. (2000). The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management Studies, 37(2), 235–256.
Huse, M. (2007). Boards, governance and value creation: The human side of corporate governance. Cambridge University Press.
Jensen, M.C., & Meckling, W.H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Kang, E., Ding, D.K., & Charoenwong, C. (2007). Investor reaction to women directors. Journal of Business Research, 60(12), 1281–1289.
Krebs, P., & Potts, L. (2019). Assessing the effectiveness of museum governance. Museum Management and Curatorship, 34(3), 272–289.
Macdonald, S. (2013). Memorylands: Heritage and Identity in Europe Today. Routledge.
Mahadeo, J.D., Soobaroyen, T., & Hanuman, V.O. (2012). Board composition and financial performance: Uncovering the effects of diversity in an emerging economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(3), 375–388.
Miller, T., & Triana, M.d.C. (2009). Demographic diversity in the boardroom: Mediators of the board diversity-firm performance relationship. Journal of Management Studies, 46(5), 755–786.
O’Connor, N.G., & Rafferty, M. (2012). Corporate governance and innovation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 47(2), 397–413. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109012000058
Olson, B.J., Parayitam, S., & Bao, Y. (2006). Strategic decision making: The effects of cognitive diversity, conflict, and trust on decision outcomes. Journal of Management, 32(2), 196–222.
Ostergaard, C.R., Timmermans, B., & Kristinsson, K. (2011). Does knowledge diffusion between university and industry increase innovativeness? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(2), 278–292.
Pfeffer, J. (1972). Size and composition of corporate boards of directors: The organization and its environment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(2), 218–228.
Ruigrok, W., Peck, S., & Tacheva, S. (2007). Nationality and gender diversity on Swiss corporate boards. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(4), 546–557.
Sandell, R., & Nightingale, E. (2012). Museums, Equality, and Social Justice. Routledge.
Sapra, H., Subramanian, A., & Subramanian, K.V. (2014). Corporate governance and innovation: Theory and evidence. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 49(4), 957–1003.
Schadewald, M., & Tymon, W. (2016). The role of diversity in the governance of nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 27(2), 219–234.
Schultz, F., Utz, S., & Göritz, A. (2011). Is the medium the message? Perceptions of and reactions to crisis communication via Twitter, blogs and traditional media. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.12.001
Scott, W.R. (2013). Institutions and Organizations: Ideas, Interests, and Identities. Sage Publications.
Smith, J. (2018). The evolution of corporate governance in the wake of fraud scandals. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(1), 15–30.
Société des Musées du Québec (SMQ). (2014). Museum Governance: A Guide to Directors and Boards of Directors. SMQ Publications.
Talke, K., Salomo, S., & Rost, K. (2010). How top management team diversity affects innovativeness and performance via the strategic choice to focus on innovation fields. Research Policy, 39(7), 907–918.
Thompson, J., & Wilsdon, T. (2007). Agency theory and corporate governance: A study of the effectiveness of board accountability. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(4), 636–648.
Torchia, M., Calabrò, A., & Morner, M. (2011). Board of directors’ diversity, creativity, and cognitive conflict: The role of board members’ interaction. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 6(4), 389–412.
UNESCO. (2015). Recommendation concerning Protection and Promotion of Museums and Collections, their Diversity and their Role in Society. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000245179
