The Age of Maohaizi: Relationship of Low Human Fertility and Pet Ownership in China

Abstract

This paper focuses on the pet economy, examining its relationship to the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) current declining birthrate, which is a phenomenon that has already been observed in numerous countries and regions in Asia. It is important to note that PRC is not the only nation encountering this phenomenon. Pet ownership in PRC has exhibited an increasing trend in proportion to the declining birthrate. A notable development was reported in January 2025, when the number of pets and the number of infants under 4 years old in China reversed. Projections indicate that by the year 2030, the population of pets will exceed that of infants by approximately twofold. A considerable number of pet owners describe their pets as Maohaizi and regard them as children. A central question that emerges from this analysis is whether companion animals are being selectively to supplant human offspring. Considering this phenomenon, it is imperative to examine the contemporary trend of pet ownership, particularly in the context of the declining birthrate. This study aims to explore the motivations behind individuals' decision to adopt pets and the implications of this practice on our society.