The 340B Drug Pricing Program, Stakeholder Impacts and Changes: An Asymmetric Value Distribution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33423/c2shqr39Keywords:
management, 340B, Stakeholders, Health policy, Rebates, ReformAbstract
The 340B Program has expanded substantially, raising concerns about transparency, oversight, and whether savings benefit patients. This review analyzed key policy developments and stakeholder impacts using a PRISMA–guided systematic review of PubMed and Embase studies published between 1992 and 2024. Fifty-two sources met the inclusion criteria, with AI-assisted summarization and human verification used for analysis. Findings show program growth outpaced oversight: about two-thirds of studies reported limited transparency, and nearly half found financial gains concentrated among hospitals and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). Fewer than one-third of studies found measurable improvements in patient affordability or equity. An Input–Moderator–Process–Output (IMPO) framework is proposed to explain the asymmetric distribution of value across stakeholders.
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